In EU countries, the current toy safety directive is 88/378 / EEC. If the harmonized standards EN71 and EN62115 are met, it can be assumed that the toy meets the basic safety requirements of the safety directive.
EN71 is the normative standard for toy products in the EU market. Children are the most concerned and cherished group in the whole society. The toy market that children generally love is developing rapidly. At the same time, various types of toys have caused injuries to children due to quality problems in various aspects. Requirements are becoming increasingly strict. Many countries have established their own safety regulations for these products, and production companies must ensure that their products meet relevant standards before being sold in the region. The manufacturer must be responsible for accidents caused by production defects, poor design, or the use of inappropriate materials. As a result, the EN71 certification decree for toys was launched in Europe, which means that the technical specifications of toy products entering the European market through the EN71 standard are implemented to reduce or avoid the harm of toys to children.
1. EN 71 Part 1: 2005 + A4: 2007-physical & mechanical Test
(a) Without Sound module toy without sound
(b) With Sound module
(c) Earphone with Sound headphones sound toy
(d) 7000 Cycles Switch Test for Chest 7000 switch tests
(e) Ride-on Toys
(F) Mouth-actuated Toys
2. EN 71 Part 2: 1993-flammability Test
(a) Finished Product
(b) Pile fabric or material
3. EN 71 Part 3: 1994-Toxic Elements Test (8 Toxic Elements Results)
Toxic metal content test (test results of 8 kinds of toxic metal elements)
4. EN 71 Part 4: Experimental Set for Chemisty chemical experiment toys
5. EN 71 Part 5: Chemisty Toys (Sets) Other than Experimental Sets
6. EN 71 Part 6: Graphical Symbol for Age Warning Labelling
7. EN 71 Part 7 Finger Paints
(a) Colorants
(b) Preservatives
(c) Binding agents, extenders, humectants and surfactants, ingredient review
Additives, moisturizers, surfactants, ingredient evaluation
(d) Limits for the of Transfer certain elements
(e) Limits for primar aromatic amines
(f) Ethanol ethanol
(g) pH value
(h) Product information & Container
EN71-9 General Requirements for Organic Compounds—Specifies the total migration amount of toxic compounds present in each toy or toy material in the following exposure modes: contact with mouth; possible ingestion; skin contact; eye contact; inhalation.
The scope of restricted substances is particularly wide, including flame retardants, colorants, aromatic amines, monomer substances, solvent migration, inhalable solvents, wood preservatives (indoor and outdoor), other preservatives and plasticizers.
EN71-3 details
1. Standard structure
The EN71-3 (1994) standard is composed of ten clauses and four appendices. The standard clauses are two fewer than EN71-3 (1988), but the standard has four appendices, which makes the standard easier to understand and master, especially Appendix D Background and theoretical description of the test method, so that readers can clearly understand the background and theoretical basis of the standard revision. The EN71-3 (2000) standard is basically the same as EN71-3 (1994), but an appendix is reduced. This is the acidity requirement and measurement method of 1.1.1-trichloroethane. This is mainly considering the requirements of environmental protection, because 1.1.1-trichloroethane (halogenated hydrocarbons) has a destructive effect on the ozone layer in the air and the cumulative toxicity of halogenated hydrocarbons to the human body, the new EN71-3 (2000 ) Standard replaces 1.1.1-trichloroethane with n-heptane (n-C7H16).
2. Test Range
EN71-3 (1994, 2000) standard added glass, ceramics, leather, bones and other toy materials. All toys that are in contact with or close to the mouth, make-up toys, toy writing instruments, and toys for children under 6 years of age are regulated to be suitable for judging sucking, licking, or swallowing. 3. Definition EN71-3 (1994, 2000) standard adds three new definitions for other materials, paper, cardboard and toy materials. The maximum mass per unit area is 400g / m2. If the mass per unit area exceeds the above limit, it is treated as "other materials". Of course, these materials can be fiberboard or rigid board. Toy materials do not necessarily include packaging materials unless they are part of the toy or have entertainment value. Unless a part of the toy refers to the packaging box of assembled toys or the packaging box of game equipment with instructions for use, etc. The simple description of the transparent plastic cover is not included. Added wood, leather and bones to other materials.
4. Limit requirements
The EN71-3 (1994, 2000) standard changes the limit of barium for toy materials other than modeling clay and finger paint from 500mg / kg to 1000mg / kg, which is mainly considering the formation of non-bioavailable gums in the filtrate BaSO4 crystallizes so that the content of soluble barium on the surface exceeds 500 mg / kg. The EN71 standard stipulates the content of soluble harmful elements in toy materials. The test conditions of the test method determine that the data obtained are not absolute or true, which causes a large deviation in laboratory results. If the test result is close to the maximum limit allowed by the standard (that is, near the limit), then whether a toy is qualified based on this result will produce a different judgment. Therefore, EN71-3 (1994, 2000) stipulates that the test results must be adjusted, and specifies the correction coefficient of each of the eight elements (the practical application of uncertainty), and the adjusted test results are less than or equal to the specified limit of the material Judged as qualified, otherwise it is unqualified. Example: The analysis result of Pb is: 120mg / kg The analysis correction factor is: 30% Adjustment analysis result = 120-120 × 30% = 120-36 = 84mg / kg The figure of 84mg / kg is considered to be in accordance with EN71-3 (1994 , 2000) standard requirements (lead is 90mg / kg). In the report, it is necessary to pay attention to the difference between "mg / kg" and "mg / L" units. If the sample is a solid material, "mg / kg" is better. If the sample is liquid, "mg / L" is better.
5. Reagents and instruments
The EN71-3 (1994, 2000) standard specifies the accuracy requirements of 0.07 and 0.14mol / L hydrochloric acid, so the concentration must be calibrated.
6. Selection and preparation of test parts
The EN71-3 (1994, 2000) standard requires that materials containing more than one material or more than one color are not allowed, unless samples that cannot be separated by physical separation methods (ie each material is counted as a single sample). It is stipulated that materials less than 10mg may not be tested. The EN71-3 (1994, 2000) standard requires that the PH value of the extract be adjusted to PH 1.0-1.5. When the extract is analyzed every other day, it is required to add HCL to stabilize, so that the concentration of the stored solution is about C (HCL) = 1mol / L. For the determination of glass, ceramics, and metal materials, first test whether these materials can be accommodated in the test cylinder according to the EN71-1 standard and can be touched. If the toy or part can completely enter the small part test cylinder and contains accessible glass , Ceramics, metal materials, you must conduct a chemical performance test, otherwise, as long as a condition is not met, you do not need to test. For the extraction of glass, ceramics, and metal materials, the sample is required to be placed in a glass container with a height of 60 mm and a diameter of 40 mm, and 0.07 mol / L hydrochloric acid, which can cover toys and parts, is added, and it is allowed to stand at 37 ± 2 ° C for 2 hr. For the extraction of fats, oils and waxes in toy materials, EN71-3 (1994) cancels the requirement of 1.11-trichloroethane extraction 10 times in EN71-3 (1988), because 1.1. 1. When extracting trichloroethane, different toy materials, different extraction temperatures and extraction speeds have different extraction effects, so testers should try to check when extracting such samples Whether oil, oil and other ingredients have been fully extracted.
The EN71-3 (1994, 2000) standard requires that the detection limit of the instrument can reach one-tenth of the limit, and there is no specification of which type (type) of instrument is used, while EN71-3 (1988) specifies the use of AA to determine.
EN 71-9 lists some specific organic compounds used in toys; EN 71-9 and EN 71-10 and EN 71-11
The three parts will be used together. The contents are as follows:
★ EN 71-9: 2005 Organic compounds-requirements
★ EN 71-10: 2004 Sample preparation and substance extraction of organic compounds
★ EN 71-11: 2005 Organic compounds-analytical methods
EN 71-9 Organic compounds-requirements
EN 71-9 was promulgated by CEN (European Committee for Standardization) and adopted by the national standards bodies of various European countries in August 2005.
(British, German, Spanish, and Italian member states have officially started to implement the standard)
■ Scope
The following types of toys and specific materials contained in toy parts are subject to this standard:
● Prepare toys for children under 3 years of age to put in the mouth, for example: teether gum
● The weight should not exceed 150g. It is a toy or accessible toy part for children younger than 3 years old.
● Toys and accessible toy parts designed for children younger than 3 years old.
● Mouthpiece parts of mouth-actuated toys.
For example: whistle and novel tooth-like toys, but does not include inflatable toys
Except toys).
2
● Inflatable toys with a surface area greater than 0.5m after full inflation.
● Cover mouth and nose after wearing eg mask
● Toys that children can enter
● Drawing tool parts are sold as toys or used in toys.
For example: the plastic eraser at the end of the pencil.
● Toys and parts used indoors;
● Toys and parts for outdoor use;
● Toys or toy parts that look like food
For example, toys that imitate the appearance of food may be eaten by children and are more likely to be licked or sucked by children.
● Solid toy materials that can leave traces.
For example: solid paint, crayons, colored pencils, chalk, etc. The graphite core in the pencil is not included.
● Colored liquids accessible in toys.
● Colorless liquid accessible in toys.
● Moldable clay, toy clay and similar substances, except those listed in EN 71-5;
Baking stereotyped PVC casting kits are not within this scope and are already covered by EN 71-5.
● Material used for balloons;
● Toy tattoos containing adhesives;
Adhesives in contact with the skin should be treated with the Cosmetics Directive 76/768 / EEC.
● Jewelry imitation toys
Exemptions:
● Phthalates (covered in 2005/84 / EC)
● Chemical test equipment and related activities (covered in EN 71-4)
● Chemical toys, excluding chemical test devices (covered in EN 71-5)
● Finger paint (covered by EN 71-7)
● Imitation cosmetics for toys. (Technically speaking, this item is not an exempt item, but this explanation is in accordance with Appendix A.11
The principle is the same, that is, this toy material should be consistent with the cosmetic composition requirements of 76/768 / EEC.
It is foreseeable that children may apply the imitation cosmetics used in these toys to their skin).
EN71-9 details
EN71-9: Interpretation of exemptions in organic compound requirements
1. Phthalates (covered in 2005/84 / EC)
The Directive 2005/84 / EC entered into force on January 16, 2007. The new EU regulations are clear, DEHP (phthalate
Dihexyl acid), DBP (dibutyl phthalate) and BBP (phenylbutyl phthalate) will be restricted to all
Used in PVC materials used in children's toys and clothing and other items; corresponding DINP (Diisononphthalate
Ester), DIDP (diisodecyl phthalate) and DNOP (dioctyl phthalate) are also restricted to children ’s toys and
Clothing and all items that may be put in the mouth; the content of the above 6 ingredients should not exceed 0.1%, more than 0.1%
It cannot be sold on the EU market. The products covered by the new regulations not only include toys, clothing and care products for infants and children under 36 months,
It also includes all items used by children of other ages that may be placed in imports.
2. Chemical test equipment and related activities (covered by EN71-4)
EN71-4 stipulates the limits of chemical substances used in chemical test equipment and related mobile equipment, including chemical
Test toys in the fields of science, biology, physics, microbiology and environmental science, etc.
Relevant requirements for the use list of chemical substances and instructions for use.
3. Chemical toys, excluding chemical test devices (covered in EN71-5)
EN71-5 stipulates the restrictions and requirements for the use of hazardous substances in chemical toys, which are mainly used in molding and casting equipment
Gypsum and plaster in the center; coloring materials for ceramics and glass products in the mini-table device; oven in the clay modeling device
Plastic PVC material; plastic casting device; embedding device; photofinishing device; adhesive, paint,
Varnish, thinner and cleaner.
4. Finger paint (covered by EN71-7)
EN71-7 lists the allowable colorants and preservatives in finger paints and their limits, and specifies 8 major weights
The migration limits of metals and the use of major aromatic amines also specify the physical properties of finger paints
begging.
5. Imitation cosmetics for toys.
Technically this item is not an exempt item, but this interpretation is the same as the principle of Appendix A.11 in EN71-9 (save
(The possibility of children applying cosmetics to their skin). In general, toy materials should be in line with the cosmetics directive
76/768 / EEC has the same requirements for cosmetic ingredients.
Only the application scope of each category is listed in the content of the exemption. The use and restrictions of specific organic compounds are many
List them one by one.
■ Requirements
● The main requirements have been listed in the general table, including the limits of various substances. It should be noted that:
○ When a toy or toy component is restricted by more than two sets of requirements, the toy or toy component must be
Meet these requirements.
For example: Designed for children under 3 years old, dyed textile fabric masks, the requirements to be met are:
■ Flame retardant (Table 2A)
■ Colorant (Table 2B)
■ Aromatic amine (Table 2C)
■ Solvent (inhalable) (Table 2F)
○ Polymer materials must not contain polymer coatings with a thickness greater than 500 μm.
○ "Execution restriction" requires that the content of the substance is lower than the detection limit of the test method EN 71-11.
○ The limits of monomer substance, solvent migration of toy materials and plasticizers are all tested according to EN 71-11
Based on the measured content.
○ After the EN 71-11 test method is promulgated, the level of inhalable solvent can be easily determined.
○ These limit tables only apply to toys and toy materials whose limits have been calculated. This limit is not specified
Ming toys or toy materials may not be very suitable, so a deeper professional poison is required before application
Sexual / exposure assessment.
● The accessible liquids in toys should not contain the following substances:
○ Substances that meet any of the following list:
■ Very toxic
■ Toxic
■ Harmful
■ Corrosive
■ Can cause sensitization
■ Irritating Ink for writing is classified as: "R36 is irritating to the eyes".
○ Contains any of the following substances will be classified as
■ Carcinogens, category 1 or 2.
■ Substances that induce mutations in organisms, category 1 or 2.
■ Substances toxic to reproduction, category 1 or 2.
■ R65 is harmful: swallowing may cause lung damage.
For example: petroleum distillate and other low viscosity non-aqueous liquids.
○ Substance with PH value less than 3 and greater than 10. The exception is ink.
● In toys designed for children under 3 years of age, the formaldehyde content of accessible materials must meet the following standards:
○ Textiles: 30mg / kg free formaldehyde and formaldehyde released
○ Paper products: 30mg / kg
○ Plywood parts: 80mg / kg
Detailed explanation of EN 62115
The EN62115 standard covers all electric toys, and is also applicable to electrical construction sets (Electric Construction Sets), electrical functional toys (Electric Functional Toys), electrical experimental devices (Experimental Sets), and video toys (Video Toys).
According to the EN62115 standard, anbotek provides related testing services for all electric toy manufacturers and exporters.
The main contents of EN62115 include:
Test Conditions
Principles of relief test
Logo and description
input power
Fever and abnormal operation
Electric strength at operating temperature
Moisture resistance
Electric strength at room temperature
Mechanical strength
structure
Protection of cords and wires
element
Screws and connections
Clearance and creepage distance
Heat and flame resistance
Radiation, toxicity and similar hazards
Related national standards:
Europe: EN71, EN62115, EMC
China: GB19865, GB6675
Canada: Canadian Hazardous Products (Toys) Regulation
Australia: AS / NZ ISO62115, AS / NZS ISO8124
International: ISO / IEC62115 ISO8124
United States: ASTM F963, CPSC1505